В разделе грамматика делал тест "Инфинитивные конструкции" и попалось мне вот это задание.
He is sure ____ a liar. Everybody heard him ___ that in so many words.
1. to be, to say
2. be, say
3. to be, say
4. be, to say
Так вот, в ответах написано, что верный вариант 3. Тогда перевод - Известно, что он лгун. Все слышали как он произносил те слова. Только почему после him, потребляется say без частицы to?
Shopen, Вам нужно почитать про сложное дополнение (Complex Object).
После глаголов восприятия –
hear, see, notice и т.д, а также после
make, let идет голый инфинитив, т.е. без частицы
to.Вот что поясняет ВВС BBCworldservice/learningenglish/index.shtml
see / hear + object + verb form
Both see and hear, and also notice and watch and other verbs of perception, can be followed by object + bare infinitive (i.e. without to) or by object + verb-ing.
• At about one o' clock in the morning I heard my daughter unlock the door and come in.
• At about one in the morning I heard my daughter unlocking the door and coming in.
• I watched my brother scrape the ice off the car windscreen.
• I watched my brother scraping the ice off the car windscreen.
There is often, however, a slight difference in meaning. If we use the verb-ing form, there is a suggestion that we are witnessing the event in progress, whereas if we use the bare infinitive, this suggests that we can hear or see the complete action or event. Compare the following:
• As I passed their classroom, I could hear them whispering inside.
At the party, I heard Sue whisper to Tom: "Let's get our of here before Barry arrives."
• I watched Henman play Hewitt in the men's singles semi-final at Wimbledon
I saw them playing in the garden, but I didn't take much notice.
We can use see and hear in the passive voice, but if we use it with an infinitive then to is required. The verb-ing form is not affected. Compare the following:
• She was heard to mutter "I shall never forgive you" as she went out of the room.
Everybody heard her mutter "I shall never forgive you" as she left the room.
• He was seen climbing out of the window.
They all saw him climbing out of the window.
В этой же теме (Complex Object) есть и про случаи типа «Мне надо сфотографироваться» когда действие не выполняется подлежащим.
I need to have my photo taken.
When will I have my car repaired?
Английский язык
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